# Five-Year Plans of India (1951–2017) – Detailed Table | Plan | Years | Objectives | Key Focus Areas | Achievements | SC/ST & Inclusive Measures | |------|-------|------------|------------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 1st | 1951–56 | Agriculture, irrigation, infrastructure | Agriculture, power, transport | Achieved 3.6% growth; Bhakra Nangal dam | Community Development Program, tribal development, rural education | | 2nd | 1956–61 | Industrialization (Mahalanobis model) | Heavy industries, steel, transport | Major steel plants established; IITs setup | Pre/Post-Matric scholarships, SC/ST hostels | | 3rd | 1961–66 | Self-reliant economy | Agriculture, industry | Green Revolution base; setback due to wars | Strengthened Tribal Dev. Blocks, teacher training in tribal areas | | Plan Holiday | 1966–69 | Stabilization | Agriculture, exports | Annual Plans focused on food security | Rural employment programs initiated | | 4th | 1969–74 | Growth with stability, self-reliance | Banking, family planning, Green Revolution | Nationalization of banks | Minimum Needs Programme; TSP introduced | | 5th | 1974–79 | Poverty alleviation, self-reliance | Employment, IRDP, food security | PDS and IRDP launched | SCP for SCs; expanded TSP; nutrition for tribal girls | | Rolling Plan | 1978–80 | Flexibility & stabilization | Agriculture, inflation control | Rolling plan format | Continued SC/ST welfare schemes | | 6th | 1980–85 | Technology, poverty eradication | Infrastructure, employment | NREP & RLEGP started | Adult Education Programme; SC/ST women literacy | | 7th | 1985–90 | Growth, modernization, self-reliance | JRY, agriculture, education | Op. Blackboard, improved infrastructure | Women’s Dev. Programme; nutrition/health for SC/ST children | | Annual Plans | 1990–92 | Stabilization & liberalization | Fiscal consolidation | Reforms initiated post-BoP crisis | Employment schemes for vulnerable | | 8th | 1992–97 | LPG reforms | Export-led growth, privatization | High GDP growth, reforms in banking & telecom | Mahila Samakhya, expanded SCP/TSP, education focus | | 9th | 1997–02 | Growth with equity | Panchayati Raj, social sector | SSA groundwork laid | EGS, reproductive health, women’s literacy | | 10th | 2002–07 | 8% growth, human dev. | SSA, Mid-Day Meal, employment | 7.6% growth; poverty decline | SC/ST scholarships, nutrition programs | | 11th | 2007–12 | Inclusive growth | RTE, RMSA, health infra | RTE Act; expanded education & health services | Hostel schemes, tribal vocational training | | 12th | 2012–17 | Sustainable, inclusive growth | Skill dev., gender equality | PMKVY, clean energy, digital drive | Strengthened SCP/TSP; e-learning, scholarships for SC/ST | # Detailed Note on Five-Year Plans of India (1951–2017) The Five-Year Plans were India’s primary tool for economic and social development from 1951 until 2017. Each plan focused on strategic goals such as agricultural growth, industrialization, poverty alleviation, education, and inclusive development with special attention to marginalized communities like SCs/STs. --- ## First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) - **Objective**: Rehabilitation post-partition, agriculture, irrigation, and infrastructure. - **Growth Target**: 2.1% | **Achieved**: 3.6% - **Major Achievements**: - Bhakra Nangal Dam, Hirakud Project initiated. - Emphasis on land reforms and community development. - **Social Inclusion**: - Launch of Community Development Programme. - Tribal Development Projects initiated. - Primary education for rural children promoted. --- ## Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) - **Objective**: Industrialization using Mahalanobis model. - **Growth Target**: 4.5% | **Achieved**: 4.2% - **Key Sectors**: Heavy industries, steel, transport. - **Major Achievements**: - Establishment of public sector units (PSUs). - IITs and technical institutions set up. - **SC/ST Measures**: - Pre and Post-Matric scholarships for SC/ST students. - Hostel facilities and skill training centers. --- ## Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966) - **Objective**: Self-reliant and self-generating economy. - **Growth Target**: 5.6% | **Achieved**: 2.8% (due to wars & drought) - **Key Developments**: - Green Revolution begins. - **SC/ST Focus**: - Expansion of Tribal Development Blocks. - Rural education schemes for tribal girls. --- ## Plan Holiday (1966–1969) - **Reason**: Economic instability, wars, and drought. - **Replaced By**: Three Annual Plans. - **Focus**: Agricultural recovery, price control. - **SC/ST Initiatives**: - Rural employment schemes for vulnerable communities. --- ## Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–1974) - **Objective**: Growth with stability and self-reliance. - **Growth Target**: 5.7% | **Achieved**: 3.3% - **Key Programs**: - Bank nationalization. - Family planning and poverty programs. - **Inclusive Measures**: - Minimum Needs Programme (MNP). - Introduction of Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) concept. --- ## Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–1979) - **Objective**: Poverty eradication and self-reliance (Garibi Hatao). - **Growth Target**: 4.4% | **Achieved**: 4.8% - **Achievements**: - IRDP, Food for Work Programme launched. - **SC/ST Focus**: - Special Component Plan (SCP) for SCs. - Strengthening of TSP strategy. --- ## Rolling Plan (1978–1980) - **Objective**: Annual flexibility due to political change. - **Focus**: Price stability, employment, agriculture. - **Welfare**: - Continuation of SCP/TSP funding and support. --- ## Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–1985) - **Objective**: Tech-driven growth, poverty eradication. - **Growth Target**: 5.2% | **Achieved**: 5.7% - **Programs**: - NREP and RLEGP introduced. - **Social Sector**: - Adult Education and women literacy for SC/STs. --- ## Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985–1990) - **Objective**: Growth, modernization, social justice. - **Growth Target**: 5.0% | **Achieved**: 5.8% - **Key Programs**: - Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). - Operation Blackboard. - **Inclusion Measures**: - Women’s development programs. - Nutrition for tribal children. --- ## Annual Plans (1990–1992) - **Context**: Political instability and BoP crisis. - **Focus**: Economic stabilization, social welfare. - **Support Programs**: - Rural employment schemes for SC/ST. --- ## Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992–1997) - **Objective**: Economic reform through LPG. - **Growth Target**: 5.6% | **Achieved**: 6.8% - **Major Reforms**: - Liberalization, privatization, globalization. - **Welfare**: - Mahila Samakhya, SC/ST student programs. --- ## Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997–2002) - **Objective**: Inclusive growth with equity. - **Growth Target**: 6.5% | **Achieved**: 5.5% - **Key Schemes**: - Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). - Focus on reproductive health. - **SC/ST Initiatives**: - Education Guarantee Scheme, female literacy programs. --- ## Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–2007) - **Objective**: 8% growth, reduce poverty by 5% annually. - **Growth Target**: 8.0% | **Achieved**: 7.6% - **Achievements**: - Expansion of SSA, Mid-Day Meal Scheme. - **SC/ST Focus**: - Increased funding for scholarships and hostels. --- ## Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012) - **Theme**: Faster and more inclusive growth. - **Growth Target**: 9% | **Achieved**: 8% - **Major Schemes**: - RTE Act 2009, RMSA. - **Inclusion**: - Vocational training for SC/ST youth. - Digital literacy initiatives. --- ## Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–2017) - **Theme**: Faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth. - **Growth Target**: 8% | **Achieved**: ~7% - **Key Focus**: - Skill development, clean energy, gender parity. - **SC/ST Measures**: - PMKVY, e-learning, increased SCP/TSP investment. --- ## Summary The Five-Year Plans progressively evolved from basic needs to sophisticated strategies including structural reforms and social equity. They laid the foundation for modern India's development planning, with consistent focus on inclusive growth through SC/ST-focused schemes and education-driven empowerment.